Early Social Experiences Can Influence Adult Romantic Relationships
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According to a study reported in the recent issue of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association (APA), the way in which people think, feel and behave in their adult romantic relationships is governed not only by factors in their surroundings, but is also a direct result of their past relationships and personal attachment extending all the way back to childhood.
In a study that has spanned more than 25 years, and is still being conducted, 78 individuals were studied at four pivotal points in their lives – infancy, early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. At the first checkpoint when the participants were 12 months old, caregivers reported on the children’s attachment and exploratory behavior. At the second checkpoint when the participants were 6-8 years old, the participant’s teachers were asked to rate how well the children interacted with their peers. At the third checkpoint the16 years old, participants were asked to describe their close friendships.At the most recent reporting, the participants’ romantic partners (of at least four months) were asked to describe their experiences and their partner’s expressions of emotion during their relationship.
The findings of this study showed that expression of emotions in adult romantic relationships can be related back to a person’s attachment experiences during earlier social development. The participants who were secure and attached as infants were rated with higher social competence as children. Children who were socially competent amongst peers were found to be more secure and closer to their friends at age 16. Participants who were closer to friends as a teen were more expressive and emotionally attached to their romantic partners in early adulthood.
The current findings highlight one developmental pathway through which significant relationship experiences during the early years of life are tied to the daily experiences in romantic relationships during early adulthood. “One encouraging finding, however, is that the study does not suggest that an individual’s past unalterably determines the future course of his/her relationships.” says W. Andrew Collins, lead author and University of Minnesota psychology professor.
